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MacCOLL, EVAN, customs
officer and poet; b. 21 Sept. 1808 in Kenmore (Strathclyde), Scotland,
son of Dugald MacColl and Mary Cameron; m. first Frances Lewthwaite in
Liverpool; m. secondly – MacArthur in Kingston, and they had nine
children; d. 24 July 1898 in Toronto and was buried in Kingston.
Evan MacColl’s father was a Highland tenant farmer who was famous for
his knowledge of Celtic songs. For this reason he knew men of higher
social standing and was able, through them, to procure books for his
children. The inadequacy of the local school led him to hire a tutor for
his precocious son; the tutor helped Evan to read and understand English
and awakened his interest in English literature. Despite his poetic and
scholarly interests, young Evan knew the labour of spade, plough,
sickle, and herring fishing. His father, besides cultivating his small
holding, held a contract to repair roads for the dukes of Argyll, and
Evan often assisted him in this winter work.
In 1831 the MacColls immigrated to British North America, but Evan
remained behind. Five years later he published at his own expense The
mountain minstrel, poems and songs in English and Gaelic which, in the
author’s own words, were a “rustic wreath of mountain flowers,” “the
English productions of a Highland peasant.” In 1838, when the book
reappeared in a separate Gaelic edition, MacColl, in the words of a
subsequent biographical sketch, was hailed as “a rare acquisition to
Gaelic literature, and his right to stand in the front rank of modern
Celtic bards was at once established and acknowledged.”
The following year MacColl was appointed a customs clerk in Liverpool
through the influence of an Argyll member of parliament. In 1850, after
a period of ill health, he obtained a six-month leave of absence to
visit his family in Canada. There, a friend of his father’s family, the
Reform mla Malcolm Cameron*, invited MacColl to transfer his clerkship
to Kingston. According to the biographical sketch, MacColl owed his
position to the Reform party and could expect promotion only through
political influence. However, because he was suspected of having written
partisan lyrics published anonymously in the Reform press, and because
“he made it a point of honour never to solicit any favour” from Sir John
A. Macdonald, leader of the Conservatives, he received no preferment.
When Alexander Mackenzie became prime minister in 1873, MacColl hoped
for advancement, but he had received none by the time Macdonald was
returned to power five years later. MacColl resigned from the customs
service in 1880.
MacColl had long been the leading light of Kingston’s St Andrew’s
Society and became known as the Gaelic bard of Canada. Two years after
retiring he was honoured by being elected a charter member of the Royal
Society of Canada on the recommendation of its founder, the Marquess of
Lorne, later the Duke of Argyll. In 1883 MacColl published The English
poetical works of Evan MacColl, a number of which had been written in
Canada. His eldest son became a minister in the Congregational Church; a
daughter became a school-teacher; and another daughter, Mary Jemima,
continued the family tradition of writing poetry. At some point after
his retirement MacColl settled in Toronto.
MacColl’s poetry was strongly influenced by that of Robert Burns, whom
he frequently celebrates. He writes of Scottish landscape, of love, and
of political events. His transfer of allegiance was thus only partial.
Though he did write about Canada, his deepest attachment remained to
Scotland. A minor, albeit historically interesting, figure, he
represents the immigrant experience in 19th-century Canadian poetry.
Clarsach nam Beann
By Eobhan MacColla in Gaelic with a biographical sketch in English
(1886) (pdf)
The English Poetical Works of
Evan MacColl, F.R.S.C.
Author of “Clarsach nam Beann" with a biographical sletch of the Author,
by A. MacKenzie, FSAScot (Second Canadian Edition) (1885) (pdf) |
